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Menopause

The many faces of menopause: Why it is a unique stage for each woman

While the symptoms may be similar, women go through menopause differently

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No one told me that hot flashes could start in your mid-30s and continue into your 60s, says Cindy Moy Carr, founder of mySysters app. She tells FemTech World how menopause can affect women in different ways at different ages. 

The menopause is a natural time of ageing when a woman’s periods stop and the ovaries lose their reproductive function. Usually, this occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, but as Cindy Moy Carr found out, this is not the case for everyone.

“After I turned 40, I started having these horrendous migraines which I had never had before,” she remembers. “For a year and a half, they would just come and go. I went to the hospital, I had an MRI and I was told that it was all in my head.”

Her case is not singular. A Yale University review of insurance claims from more than 500,000 women in various stages of menopause states that while 60 per cent of women with significant menopausal symptoms seek medical attention, nearly three-quarters of them are left untreated.

Moy Carr had not been told about menopause until she turned 50. “I was talking to a nurse practitioner and she said ‘Well, this is all menopause-related’. And that was the first light bulb moment when I asked myself, ‘Why didn’t anybody tell me that?’

“I lived in Minneapolis – the home of big medical device companies – and if I couldn’t get any help, what chance do other women have? When I saw that none of my friends seemed to talk about it, I realised how taboo menopause was.”

Cindy’s app, mySysters, was launched as a social and self-care platform to help women manage perimenopause and menopause, helping them to track symptoms, recognise patterns and share advice in discussion forums.

“At the time there were no period trackers for women of my age,” the founder says. “That’s why we decided to launch mySysters. We made a little beta version, and after it became available in the AppStore, women from different countries started using it and about 5,000 of them still use it today.

“The app is that validation that women need to understand that they are not alone in this.”

But launching it was far from easy. “I got laughed at by men who thought it was the stupidest thing ever,” Moy Carr confesses. “Talking to the people who are making decisions about these things can be very frustrating.

“With the app, it was that community feeling that we wanted to create because most women find us after they no longer trust the medical community. Once people feel connected, life becomes easier, clearer and it feels easier to make decisions and advocate for yourself.

“We don’t know what the other person is going through, so let’s ask questions, find some information, share it and ultimately, support each other in whatever decision we make. It’s easier to feel empowered this way.”

Actively tracking symptoms has been repeatedly shown to result in greater symptom reporting and better understanding and recovery. A report from the British Psychological Society has found that a greater proportion of people were classified as high period symptom reporters after using a symptom-tracking app.

Moy Carr says that taking five minutes to check in with yourself is key. “After a few weeks, you get a checkerboard that shows the severity of your symptoms and over time, you can notice patters or triggers that influence how you feel.

“What is it that you did on Sunday that worsen your headaches on Monday? So often we say, ‘This came out of nowhere’. In fact, it didn’t. It was building up to that, but we just didn’t notice it because we weren’t paying attention to it.

“Tracking what’s happening in your body means becoming more aware of how you’re feeling. Then when something goes wonky, you will be able to recognise it quicker.”

The recent US Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v Wade may have serious consequences on tracking apps like mySysters. If there is a warrant, court order, or subpoena for the release of certain medical records, then a clinic could be required to hand them over, leaving patients and providers legally vulnerable.

“As a UK-based company, I’d like to think that our data is completely safe, but I worry about women in the US and what the current climate means for them,” Moy Carr says. “We found out that HIPAA – the US regulator providing data privacy and security provisions – will not protect women’s data.

“Roe v Wade is a step backwards for women’s health, not just for abortion, but for women’s health in general. The fact that data protection is not guaranteed can have huge consequences that we’re not even aware of.”

While the situation remains uncertain across half of the states, Cindy hopes that women will have autonomy over their bodies. “I’m hoping that at some point we can get away from these labels of menopause, perimenopause, post-menopause, fertility, age, puberty and focus on hormonal health.

“Not everybody goes through menopause at 50. Sometimes they’re 30. It’s our hormonal health and there’s no need for labels.”

For more info, visit mysysters.com.

Entrepreneur

Flex partners with Clue on HSA and FSA access

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Flex partners with Clue to make Clue Plus eligible for HSA and FSA spending in the US, letting users pay for menstrual health tools with pre-tax funds.

HSAs and FSAs are US pre-tax accounts for eligible health costs. Announced on 16 December 2025, the move makes Clue Plus available via these benefits, with Flex citing potential savings of 30 to 40 per cent.

Clue Plus offers personalised cycle tracking, deeper analysis, advanced predictions and hormone insights, with options for pregnancy and perimenopause. It includes 12-month forecasting and clinician-backed guidance.

“At Clue, our mission is to empower women and people with cycles with trustworthy, science-based information about their menstrual and reproductive health,” said Rhiannon White, CEO of Clue. “Partnering with Flex allows us to make Clue more accessible to the millions of people who rely on our app for insights into their bodies. We’re thrilled to expand access through HSA/FSA eligibility.”

Flex says more than US$150bn is held in HSA and FSA accounts, and the partnership brings reproductive health purchases into standard benefits checkout.

“At Flex, we believe everyone should have affordable access to women’s healthcare,” said Sam O’Keefe, CEO of Flex. “After my own pregnancy and postpartum experience, I saw firsthand how confusing and hard to navigate women’s health can feel. Making Clue eligible for HSA and FSA spending is one way we are helping more people use their pre-tax dollars to access tools that provide meaningful data and insights into their health.”

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Insight

Menopausal hormone therapy may not increase breast cancer risk in women with BRCA mutations

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HRT (hormone replacement therapy) may not increase breast cancer risk in women with BRCA mutations, new research suggests.

Women who inherit harmful mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, which help repair DNA, face elevated risks of ovarian and breast cancer.

They are often advised to have their ovaries and fallopian tubes surgically removed (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes) at relatively young ages to reduce ovarian cancer risk, but this brings on early menopause.

The study was led by Joanne Kotsopoulos, a scientist at the Women’s College Hospital Research and Innovation Institute and a professor at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto in Canada.

She said: “We cannot simply recommend a drastic surgery like oophorectomy for young women without offering a way for them to manage the well-established short- and long-term outcomes of surgical menopause.

“I believe we should educate patients and their health care providers on how we can safely balance the risks and benefits of MHT use to ensure longevity and improve quality of life.”

She noted there has been reluctance and misinformation regarding HRT, largely due to studies in the general population showing an association between HRT use and increased breast cancer risk.

The researchers conducted a matched prospective analysis, an observational design that pairs similar participants to mirror clinical trial conditions.

They created 676 matched pairs of women who did and did not use HRT after menopause.

Participants were matched by BRCA1 or BRCA2 status, birth year and age at menopause. The women ranged in age from 22 to 76, with an average age of 43.8.

Patients with a history of cancer, those who had received a bilateral mastectomy (removal of both breasts), and non-menopausal patients were excluded from the study.

After an average follow-up of 5.6 years, breast cancer cases were significantly lower in women who used HRT, with 87 cases in the HRT group compared with 128 cases in the non-HRT group.

Analysis by formulation showed most types of HRT were not associated with breast cancer risk.

However, two formulations were linked to decreased risk. Women who received oestrogen-only HRT were 63 per cent less likely to develop breast cancer than those who did not use HRT.

Of the 43 women who received conjugated oestrogen and bazedoxifene (a selective oestrogen receptor modulator), none developed breast cancer.

“Although based on smaller numbers, this is definitely an exciting and interesting area for future research,” Kotsopoulos said.

“Hypothetically, conjugated oestrogen and bazedoxifene could be used to mitigate breast cancer risk by avoiding progesterone, which is thought to be the breast cancer risk-associated component of MHT. Future trials will be necessary to test this hypothesis.”

There were no significant differences in results between BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers.

“Our findings suggest that clinicians should take a personalised approach to menopause management for women with BRCA mutations who are suffering from the impact of surgical (or natural) menopause, if there are no contraindications for them,” said Kotsopoulos.

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Motherhood

Most Americans not aware midwives provide care beyond pregnancy, study finds

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Most Americans are unaware that midwives provide women’s healthcare beyond pregnancy and birth, a new survey has found.

The survey of 1,006 Americans found that 93 per cent think midwives only deliver babies and were surprised to learn they can be a trusted partner in all aspects of women’s health.

The research was conducted by The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. It found that only one in five Americans are aware midwives can provide women’s annual gynaecology exams.

Michaela Ward, a certified nurse-midwife at Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, said: “We take care of women across the lifespan. We are highly trained and we’re highly skilled.

“We can take care of you even if there is something more complex about you or your health.

“If I need to consult with one of our physicians at Ohio State, I can call them right away and discuss the patient’s case.

“We all work together to provide the best care possible for our patients.”

While services such as pregnancy and birth support and water births were correctly identified as midwife services by over half of adults, other services like medication management, menopause care and annual women’s health exams are known by far fewer.

Both men and women were equally unaware of the full breadth of services provided.

Survey respondents’ knowledge of women’s health services provided by midwives included pregnancy and birth support (93 per cent), water births (69 per cent), medication management including birth control (26 per cent), menopause care (23 per cent), annual women’s health exams including pap smears and STI testing (20 per cent), caesarean sections (13 per cent) and ‘don’t know’ responses (1 per cent).

According to the Department of Health and Human Services, the US is expected to face a significant shortage of obstetrician-gynaecologists in the next five years.

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