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Hormonal health

‘I’ve been dismissed and ridiculed’ – why is birth control failing women

The pharma industry funnels only two per cent of annual revenue from contraceptives back into research and development

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The contraceptive pill is often described as one of the most significant medical advances of the 20th century. So why is it still failing women?

Inextricably linked to the swinging 60s, free love and women’s liberation, the birth control pill was invented in the 1950s by the American biologist Dr Gregory Goodwin Pincus.

Despite its side effects, it was approved for release in 1960 and take-up was swift: within two years it was being used by 1.2 million American women.

Today, the pill is the most commonly prescribed form of contraception in the US, with approximately 25 per cent of women aged 15 to 44 who use contraception reporting using it as their method of choice.

But although its use has grown, women still have to put up with side effects, such as irregular bleeding, bloating, nausea, mood swings and headaches.

The normalisation of heavy periods and discomfort around menstrual health means that often they end up suffering in silence, says communications strategist and women’s health advocate, Hannah Wrathall from Wrapp Consulting.

“My personal experience discussing contraception with my GP has always focused on avoiding pregnancy or masking symptoms, never the impact on my overall health and wellbeing,” she tells Femtech World.

“When discussing non-hormonal options, I’ve been dismissed and ridiculed for questioning the safety of options like the pill and the coil.”

Hannah is not alone. Last year the women’s health strategy for England has revealed that 84 per cent of respondents recounted instances when they were not listened to by healthcare professionals, pointing to an urgent need to improve awareness, education and training among medical professionals.

“The stat speaks for itself. These are not isolated incidences but common occurrences for most women when they visit a GP or hospital.”

Alice Pelton, founder of the contraception review, advice and prescriptions platform, The Lowdown, agrees.

“Not being listened to by healthcare professionals is the everyday reality for millions of women worldwide.

“There’s a huge amount to cover in an eight-minute GP appointment and it’s almost impossible to talk a woman through everything in the right level of detail in that time.

“A Lowdown survey in 2021 showed that 87 per cent of The Lowdown community reported that they have not felt listened to by healthcare professionals, and of this, and 72 per cent of the instances were in relation to a reproductive or sexual health condition or treatment.

“The reasons behind this are a depressing smorgasbord of patriarchal nonsense, relentless underfunding and ignorance of women’s health issues, and double standards in the way we are treated by society and the medical establishment.”

Data shows little investment is put into large-scale clinical trials into new and existing forms of birth control.

Between 2017 and 2020, there were only 23 industry-funded clinical trials into contraceptives, compared to 600 for cardiovascular drugs and 140 for treatment relating to eye disorders.

Additionally, the pharma industry funnels only two per cent of annual revenue from contraceptives back into research and development.

“Side effects are notoriously difficult to track, study and solve, especially related to hormones, but we need more honesty on risks,” says Hannah.

“We hear from people that there is dissatisfaction with the current options so we need more research and investment to fill in those gaps and develop alternatives for all genders.

“I also think we need regular bias training for healthcare professionals to overcome their views on menstrual pain and women’s pain in general.”

Hormonal health

Man City launch female athlete health education platform

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Manchester City has launched a female athlete health platform covering menstrual, pelvic and breast health, as well as nutrition.

The Her City website is designed for the club’s women’s first-team players, coaches, support staff, academy players and parents.

Manchester City says the platform is the first of its kind in the Women’s Super League and was developed over two years.

The project was led by director of performance services Emma Deakin, physical performance scientist Rosie Anderson and PhD student and first-team nutritionist Sarah Malone.

It grew out of PhD research into menstrual, pelvic and breast health and nutrition, with the team seeking to turn that work into an online educational resource.

The website divides the four areas into separate sections and provides peer-reviewed information that the club says has been critically analysed by experts.

Content will continue to be reviewed and updated as further evidence emerges.

Resources include posters, visual explainers, audio materials and downloadable educational content, with information tailored to different groups including players and parents.

The platform aims to improve knowledge, develop critical analysis skills and strengthen communication within football and at home.

It also includes material to help users assess misinformation they encounter on social media or elsewhere.

A confidential contact form allows users to raise concerns or ask questions directly of experts at Manchester City.

Parents of academy players can also access the platform, with resources intended to help them support their children during a key phase of their development.

Manchester City said its longer-term aim is to make the platform available to all women working across City Football Group.

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Menopause

NIH awards multi-university team over US$4 million to improve women’s health

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Michigan State University researchers are launching a novel project to transform how medications are developed and prescribed for women.

A US$4.6m award will fund computer models designed to predict how hormonal changes affect the way medicines move through and act in women’s bodies.

The funding is the first instalment of an award worth up to US$12.8m over three years, supporting work intended to account for hormonal changes throughout women’s lives.

Researchers plan to examine factors including menstrual cycles, pregnancy, contraceptive use, menopause and hormone replacement therapy, which can affect responses to medicines.

Teresa K. Woodruff, lead investigator on the project, said: “Because female hormone levels are constantly shifting, precision medicine allows us to map out these complex interactions.

“This NIH-backed initiative will create the first computationally driven clinical tool designed to guide medical care across every stage of a woman’s life.”

The project is led by researchers at Michigan State University and funded by the National Institutes of Health, with collaborators from Rutgers, Emory, Tulane, the University of Colorado Anschutz, the University of Michigan and the University of Utah.

Thirteen researchers will develop computational models to predict how changes in female hormones influence the way medicines move through and act within the body.

The work is part of the NIH Computational Modeling of Hormone Homeostasis Initiative, which is awarding US$21m nationally to support research into sex-specific hormonal biology.

The team plans to use artificial intelligence to digitise and organise more than 40 years of hormone research data in a publicly accessible database.

Researchers will also develop a standard computer model of a 28-day menstrual cycle, alongside models of how hormones regulate organs and tissues involved in processing nutrients, including the liver, muscle and fat.

Real-world patient data will then be used to expand the models to represent groups including women going through menopause or taking birth control, as well as women with conditions such as diabetes and obesity.

The project will also use three-dimensional human tissue models and lab-grown organoids, including liver, muscle and ovarian tissue, to test and refine the computer predictions.

Researchers plan to examine medicines including metformin, insulin and GLP-1 drugs, with the aim of developing tools that could help clinicians tailor doses and avoid harmful side effects.

Qiang Zhang, associate professor at Emory University, said: “Empowered by AI, novel assays and legacy human data, we will develop mechanistically based computational models of female physiology that can make translational, quantitative predictions for women’s responses to metabolic therapies.”

The researchers said the work could help address differences in how women respond to treatments for metabolic conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cholesterol imbalances and thyroid disorders.

Nanette Santoro, professor at the University of Colorado Anschutz and president of the Endocrine Society, said: “Women experience large shifts in reproductive hormones at several points in their lifespan: puberty, pregnancy and menopause.

“During reproductive years, women also undergo profound day-to-day changes in reproductive hormone levels, giving them a markedly different endocrine backdrop than men.

“Using state-of-the-art computational technology to examine how these changes interact with commonly used medications is a critical pathway toward supporting life-course women’s health.”

The project team said its computer models and data will be made freely available to researchers and healthcare professionals when the work is completed.

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Hormonal health

High street bakery chain Gail’s reveals menopause plan

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Gail’s has unveiled a menopause action plan offering new workplace support to thousands of staff ahead of legal reforms due in 2027.

The high street bakery chain will offer new benefits including 24/7 digital GP access and a new employee assistance programme, according to The Times.

It will also explore new online training for staff, including specific training for management.

Gail’s people director Miranda Burgum told The Times: “All we’re trying to do is talk freely and for it not to be a forbidden subject. It’s helping our managers and teams understand that this isn’t a taboo.”

“We’re going to develop the education with our managers, so it will be threaded through all our policies

“It will look at induction training, it will look at the types of people we need to make sure that we make reasonable adjustments for.

“And if somebody needs some sort of risk assessment, we’re going to be looking at [that].”

The move comes ahead of reforms due to be introduced in spring 2027 under the Employment Rights Act.

UK employers with 250 or more employees will be legally required to publish and update official menopause action plans.

The plans are intended to support employers to take effective action to improve workplace gender equality and support employees experiencing menopause.

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