News
One in five women conceive naturally after giving birth with fertility treatment
Many women may not realise that they could conceive naturally following fertility treatment, say experts

One in five women who underwent fertility treatment such as IVF to conceive their first child are likely to get pregnant naturally in the future, researchers have found.
The first-of-its-kind research, conducted by the University College London (UCL) and published in the scientific journal Human Reproduction, analysed data from 11 studies of over 5,000 women around the world between 1980 and 2021, to evaluate how common it is to get pregnant naturally after having a baby conceived by fertility treatment.
It found that at least one in five women conceived naturally after having had a baby using fertility treatment such as IVF mostly within three years. This figure remained unchanged, even when taking into account the different types and outcome of fertility treatment – alongside length of follow up.
Infertility is defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, and it is estimated to affect one in seven heterosexual couples.
However, not all women seeking and undergoing fertility treatment are absolutely or permanently infertile. Half of couples who struggle to conceive naturally in the first year of trying will go on to do so in the second year.
Although it is typically considered ‘rare’ for a woman to get pregnant naturally if she has previously had fertility treatment, the researchers highlighted that this is not an unusual event.
Lead author, Dr Annette Thwaites from the UCL EGA Institute for Women’s Health, said: “Our findings suggest that natural pregnancy after having a baby by IVF is far from rare.
“This is in contrast with widely held views – by women and health professionals – and those commonly expressed in the media, that it is a highly unlikely event.”
The team consider the findings to be particularly important, as many women may not realise that they could conceive naturally following fertility treatment.
This, experts say, could lead to them becoming pregnant again quickly or when they are not ready ready which could be problematic for both the health of the mother and child.
“Knowing what is possible would empower women to plan their families and make informed choices regarding further fertility treatment and/or contraception,” added Thwaites.
Patient stories
Shema Tariq, a doctor and academic from London, was diagnosed with low ovarian reserve and told that her chances of conceiving without IVF were almost zero. She now has two children aged three and four.
“It took six rounds of IVF to conceive our son, who was born in 2018,” she said.
“My GP briefly mentioned contraception to me after he was born, but we both laughed and agreed that it wasn’t relevant. It never occurred to me that I might get pregnant, despite being a sexual health doctor. I was 43 and had been told that my chances of conceiving naturally were less than one per cent.
“Eight months later I was unexpectedly, and naturally, pregnant with our daughter. She has been the most wonderful surprise, but when we first found out I felt overwhelmed and unprepared for another pregnancy. If I’d known that one in five women conceive naturally after IVF I’d have used contraception until I was ready both emotionally and physically.”
After being diagnosed with endometriosis in her 20s, Sally Pearse was told by healthcare specialists that it was almost impossible that she’d ever conceive naturally.
Before having her first child she was told by a gynaecologist that due to endometriosis her only way to conceive was through IVF.
“After the birth of my first child though IVF, I met with the IVF consultant and asked if I may conceive naturally now I had had a successful pregnancy. I was told I had a one per cent chance of conceiving naturally so started plans for IVF again,” Sally explained.
“The next month I conceived naturally and went on to have my second child.
“I was not given a reason for the one per cent chance and feel that even experts in their role get these things wrong. If I hadn’t wanted another child I would have been shocked rather than pleasantly surprised.”
News
Femtech World reveals startup of the year shortlist

We are excited unveil the three finalists competing for one of the Femtech World Awards’ most coveted honours: the Startup of the Year Award, sponsored by Future Fertility.
This award celebrates an early-stage company making a bold impact in women’s health through innovation, vision and execution.
The winner will be announced at our virtual ceremony on 19 June, with the decision made by a representative from category sponsor Future Fertility.
Congratulations to the shortlist and thank you to everyone who entered or nominated.
Startup of the Year Shortlist

Hello Inside is the first women’s health AI company to turn daily metabolic signals into outcomes women feel and healthcare systems reimburse.
Women’s health has long been under-researched, and current AI benchmarks fail on women’s health questions roughly sixty percent of the time.
Hello Inside built the architecture to close that gap.
Across four years and 12,000+ validated metabolic profiles, three in four women improve at least one symptom within ninety days.
They lose four kilograms in three months, moving from overweight into the healthy range. In a clinical study with Alisa Vitti’s Flo Living, 91.9 per cent reduced PMS burden within sixty days.


U-Ploid is an early-stage biotechnology company tackling one of the most fundamental challenges in fertility care: the sharp, age-related decline in egg quality that limits outcomes across IVF and egg freezing.
While much of the field focuses on improving assessment and selection, U-Ploid is developing a first-in-class therapeutic approach designed to improve egg quality itself by addressing the biological causes of age-related chromosomal errors.
Supported by strong preclinical evidence and now advancing into human studies, U-Ploid combines scientific rigour, regulatory discipline and long-term vision to help redefine what is possible in fertility care.
News
Gestational diabetes increases risk of type 2 diabetes – even at normal weight, study finds

Gestational diabetes is a strong risk factor for future type 2 diabetes, even in women with normal pre-pregnancy weight, according to a study at the University of Gothenburg.
The researchers call for earlier testing and better follow-up.
“Our results show that gestational diabetes functions as a kind of stress test for the body’s ability to manage blood sugar, and identifies women with a greatly increased risk of future type 2 diabetes”, said Jon Edqvist, PhD and affiliated to research at the University of Gothenburg, and operating room nurse at Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
Gestational diabetes is a special type of diabetes that can affect pregnant women.
The condition is defined as elevated blood sugar levels, without previously known diabetes. Treatment involves self-monitoring of blood sugar, advice on lifestyle habits and, if necessary, medication.
Identifying gestational diabetes is important because the disease increases the risk of complications such as preeclampsia, the need for a cesarean section and high birth weight for the baby.
Those who have had gestational diabetes are also at higher risk of later developing type 2 diabetes.
In the current study, published in eClinicalMedicine, researchers now show that gestational diabetes is a strong indicator of future risk of developing type 2 diabetes, even in women with normal weight before pregnancy.
Elevated risk even with normal weight
The study is based on data from the Medical Birth Registry on just over 1.15 million first-time mothers in Sweden, who gave birth between 1987 and 2019. 16,870 women with confirmed gestational diabetes were compared with age-matched women without the diagnosis. The median follow-up period was nine years.
The results show that women with a BMI of 35 and above, i.e. severe obesity, had an almost tenfold increased risk of developing gestational diabetes compared to women with normal weight.
The risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes also increased with higher BMI, but it was significantly increased even with normal weight, which the researchers describe as particularly worrying.
More follow-up and more studies
The researchers behind the study welcome the recently updated recommendations on gestational diabetes in Sweden, where a higher proportion of pregnant women at increased risk are expected to be offered testing earlier in pregnancy, and if necessary, interventions.
“Diagnostics and care of gestational diabetes have looked very different in different parts of the country,” said Annika Rosengren, professor at the University of Gothenburg.
“There is a need for both improved follow-up after gestational diabetes, and more studies that investigate how such follow-up affects future health and prognosis”
News
The invisible infrastructure of patient safety and why digital governance matters

By Misbah Mahmood, CXIO & Clinical Safety Officer, Bradford District Care Trust, (Former digital midwife at Leeds Teaching Hospitals and long-standing K2/HHA customer and collaborator)
Across the NHS, digital governance is frequently misunderstood.
It is often seen as a bureaucratic necessity or a technical, administrative process that becomes invisible once a system goes live or as a barrier to innovation when services are under pressure to change quickly.
However, digital systems do far more than document care. They shape how care is delivered, how risk is identified and interpreted, and how clinical decisions are made.
When systems are well designed and well governed, they support clinical judgement and safe practice.
When they are not, the impact is felt directly at the bedside, as illustrated by recent concerns over an AI discharge summary tool trialled at Chelsea and Westminster.
Here, unresolved questions about regulatory status and assurance exposed the consequences of deploying clinically influential technology without sufficient clarity or oversight.
In maternity services in particular, care is complex, unpredictable, and deeply dependent on context. Rapid decision making and information continuity across settings are essential.
As digital systems increasingly influence day-to-day practice, the way they are designed, governed, and used can either reinforce safe care or quietly undermine it.
Digital governance distinguishes technology that protects women and babies from technology that introduces hidden risk.
The myth of “invisible infrastructure”
When people hear the word “governance”, they often think of forms, meetings and compliance. For clinicians, it can feel like a tick box exercise that sits in the way of getting things done.
But governance decisions show up at the most critical moments of care, often without being named as such.
As clinicians, we instinctively understand safety in physical terms. If a blood pressure machine stops working, that’s immediately recognised as a patient safety issue. It gets escalated, reported and fixed.
But for a long time, digital issues have not been treated the same way. Slow systems, unreliable access, or inability to view the EPR were often accepted as “just one of those things”. Yet the impact on safety can be just as significant.
If you can’t see the record, you can’t see the risks. If you can’t trust the system, you start working around it.
Electronic patient records are no longer passive repositories of information. They influence what clinicians notice, how quickly they escalate concerns and what decisions they make.
That means the way these systems are governed, and how they are designed, tested and introduced, has direct consequences for patient safety.
A good example of this is central foetal monitoring. Used well, it can support situational awareness. But without clear governance and shared understanding, it can also create a false sense of security.
Being explicit that central monitoring does not replace bedside assessment or escalation is essential. If staff assume “someone else is watching”, the technology has unintentionally weakened safety.
Why safe digital infrastructure matters more than ever in maternity
Maternity care is non‑linear. Risk changes rapidly, and plans change, as women move between community and hospital settings.
Many digital systems are built around rigid templates and linear workflows that do not reflect this reality. When systems don’t fit practice, practice adapts.
Parallel notes, paper diaries, and reliance on free text are not resistance to digital tools; they are practical responses to keep care safe.
Operational realities add further challenge. Community midwives work across geography with unreliable connectivity, making offline access a safety requirement rather than a technical convenience.
Systems that support secure offline working reduce rushed documentation and missed safety checks.

Misbah Mahmood
On the labour ward, pressures intensify. Emergencies escalate quickly and staff are often fatigued. Here, usability becomes inseparable from safety.
Systems that add unnecessary steps increase cognitive load precisely when attention must remain on the patient. At four in the morning, design can either support safe decision‑making or work against it.
When the safest decision is saying “not now”
Digital governance is as much about preventing unsafe change as enabling innovation. Not every system that is technically ready is clinically ready.
Introducing change during periods of strain, limited training, or inadequate testing increases risk.
Pausing a rollout is rarely comfortable as delivery pressures create momentum to proceed. Effective governance, however, gives organisations permission to prioritise safety over speed.
Delaying implementation to allow further testing or clinical engagement often leads to safer adoption and greater staff trust.
Saying “not now” is not resistance to change. It is a mature safety response, as introducing change at the wrong time can cause harm that is far harder to undo.
Co‑design, not configuration: new models for supplier partnerships
Safe digital transformation depends on genuine partnership between NHS teams and suppliers, with shared responsibility for clinical risk.
Effective collaboration starts early, with meaningful clinical involvement, transparency about system constraints, and shared understanding of risk.
It continues through testing in real clinical environments and shared accountability for safety outcomes after go‑live.
Working with Harris Health Alliance and the K2 maternity tool made these conversations more effective.
Responsiveness to safety feedback was faster, and small design changes, such as surfacing critical risk information or adding validation checks to reduce error under fatigue, had significant impact on usability and safety.
Every change, however minor it appears, is a clinical safety decision. Digital governance provides the structure to recognise this and ensure changes are designed and implemented accordingly.
People, process and technology are an interdependent system
Technology does not fail in isolation. Risk emerges when people, processes, and digital systems are misaligned. Even the most sophisticated EPR will struggle if staff are unsupported, processes have not evolved, or workflows do not reflect clinical reality.
Technology can also obscure risk by embedding unsafe or outdated practices into systems that appear efficient when governance focuses only on technical delivery.
Effective digital governance recognises that patient safety depends on the interaction between people, processes, and technology.
Skills, confidence, and behaviours matter, as do evidence‑based, consistent processes and systems that are usable, reliable, and aligned with real clinical work.
Safety improves when these elements are deliberately aligned and governance focuses on learning rather than blame.
Design matters and systems must be fast, predictable, and forgiving of human fatigue. The same principle is evident in data quality.
A yes/no field relating to cord prolapse produced alarming figures due to human factors rather than practice.
Introducing a simple validation check prompting confirmation improved data quality and reduced risk by addressing system design, not individual behaviour.
This is digital governance in practice. It is recognising where design and reality collide and fixing the system rather than blaming clinicians.
From invisible to essential
Digital governance should no longer be invisible. It must be recognised, valued, and treated as a core component of patient safety.
That means involving clinical safety expertise from the outset, listening to frontline concerns, designing for real-world conditions, and being willing to pause when something does not feel safe.
The absence of incidents does not mean the absence of risk; often, it means the system has not yet failed under the wrong circumstances.
Maternity services, with their complexity and sensitivity, have much to teach the wider NHS about safe digital transformation.
When governance is shared, practical, and grounded in real clinical experience, digital systems can genuinely support safer care and not just record it.
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